Turbines with
Integrated
Hydraulic
Systems

Kaplan Turbines

Kaplan turbines are axial-flow reaction turbines designed for low-head (2–30 metres) and high-flow (up to 100 m³/s)applications. They feature adjustable runner blades and wicket gates, allowing dynamic regulation of water flow and optimised performance even under part-load conditions. Typical runner diameters range from 600 mm to 3,500 mm, with rotational speeds between 100 and 750 RPM depending on flow and load. These turbines achieve efficiencies up to 92%and are best suited for canal drops, barrage installations, and irrigation-linked hydro projects.

 

Francis Turbines

Francis turbines are mixed-flow reaction turbines suited for medium-head (10–300 metres) environments and offer excellent part-load efficiency. Flow enters radially and exits axially, passing through fixed guide vanes and a spiral casing. Runner diameters typically range from 400 mm to 2,500 mm, with outputs from 100 kW to 15 MW, depending on site-specific design parameters. With peak efficiencies approaching 94%, Francis turbines are ideal for dam toe installations, water supply plants, and industrial captive energy systems.

 

Pelton Turbines

Pelton turbines are impulse turbines designed for high-head, low-flow environments, with operational heads ranging from 60 metres to over 1,200 metres. These units utilise high-velocity jets that strike spoon-shaped buckets mounted on a runner. Single or multiple nozzle configurations are available depending on output requirements. Typical runner diameters range from 300 mm to 1,800 mm, with operating speeds between 150 and 1000 RPM. Pelton turbines are particularly suited for mountainous terrains and pipeline pressure break points. Efficiencies exceed 91% under design flow conditions.